TERLALU KOMPREHENSIF
Oleh Beni Bevly
Tahapan kuliah yang terasa paling sulit adalah ketika seorang mahasiswa harus menyelesaikan skripsi. Dalam tahap ini, kemampuan nalar dan menulis, serta kerja sama dengan dosen menjadi kunci utama suksesnya suatu skripsi. Dalam tahap ini pula sering ditemui hal yang tak terduga.
Sebagai mahasiswa angkatan 1987 jurusan Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP), Universitas Indonesia (UI), aku menyelesaikan semua mata kuliahku kurang dari 4 tahun. Hal ini terhitung cepat. Maka tibalah saatnya bagiku untuk menyusun skripsi. Topik yang aku sukai adalah masalah politik komunisme di Republik Rakyat Cina sejak tahun 1920an sampai tahun 1970an yang minitikberatkan perkembangan Khun Chun Tang (partai komunis) dibawah Mao Zedong sampai keberhasilan Deng Xiaoping menduduki kursi kekuasaan. Untuk itu aku minta dua orang dosen pembimbing ahli Sinology (ilmu mengenai Cina) masing-masing dari FISIP dan Fakultas Sastra UI.
Aku mulai membuat proposal yang kalau disetujui oleh dosen pembimbing maka proposal ini akan menjadi Bab I, Pendahuluan skripsiku. Proposal yang tebalnya sekitar 40 halaman ini dikeritik dan dikembalikan ke aku oleh dosen pembimbing dari FISIP dengan beberapa komentar. Sedangkan pembimbing dari Fakultas Sastra tidak melihat adanya masalah pada proposalku. Tarik-ulur antara aku dan pembimbingku ini terjadi sekitar emam bulan. Berarapa koreksi aku lakukan. Akhirnya pembimbing dari FISIP bilang ke aku, “Aku menyerah dan mengundurkan diri sebagai pembimbingmu. Skripsi kamu terlalu komprehensif.”
Setelah mengambil cuti panjang, aku meneruskan skripsiku dengan topik politik Apartheid di Afrika Selatan dan memilih dosen pembimbing yang lain. Skripsi itu selesai dalam waktu 4 bulan.
Pengunduran diri dari dosen pembimbing pertamaku, menurutku sedikit banyak berhubungan dengan Avoidance Culture. RA Cooke dan JL Szumal dalam Measuring Normative Beliefs and Shared Behavior Expectations in Organizations: The Reliability and Validility of the Organizational Culture Inventory, Psychological Reports, 1993 mengatakan bahwa Avoidance Culture adalah bebiasaan anggota organisasi atau masyarakat untuk mengalihkan tanggungjawab ke pihak lain dan menghindari kemungkinan disalahkan karena kekeliruan. Lingkungan Avoidance Culture ditandai dengan kegagalan untuk memberikan imbalan (reward) terhadap kesuksesan seseorang, tetapi hanya menerapkan hukuman untuk kesalah yang diperbuat.
Agaknya dosen pembimbing aku itu terjebak dengan Avoidance Culture ini. Kultur seperti ini tidak semestinya tumbuh di kalangan intelektual dan akademis, atau bahkan di kalangan masyarakat awam sekalipun karena ia menghambat inovasi, kemandirian, keberanian untuk bertanggung jawab atas perbuatan sendiri atau sifat satria. Kutur seperti ini juga menghambat sifat persaigan yang sehat. Lalu kultur seperti apa yang patut ditumbuhkan di lingkungan kampus? Atau di lingkungan masyarakat awam?
RA Cooke dan JL Szumal mengajukan beberapa jenis kultur. Kultur yang patut dikembangkan di kalangan intelectual adalah Humanistic-Encouraging dan Self-Actualizing Cultures. Dalam Humanistic-Encouraging Culture anggotanya tampil mendukung, membangun dan bersifat terbuka dalam hubungan sesamanya. Organisasi atau tatanan masyarakatnya diatur untuk membantu anggotanya tumbuh dan berkembang.
Self-Actualizing Culture juga sangat mendukung aktivitas akademika di kalangan kampus. Organisasi yang menganut kutur ini menghargai creativitas, kwalitas dan hasil kerja dan pertumbuhan individu. Anggotanya dianjurakan untuk mencari dan menikmati kesenangan akan pekerjaan, pengembangan diri. Mereka juga disarankan untuk mencari aktivitas yang baru dan menyenangkan.
Selain dua kutur di atas, terdapat dua kultur lainnya yang patut dikembangkan di lingkungan masyarakat Indonesia, yaitu Competitive dan Achievement Cultures. Dalam Competitive Culture, kemenangan sangat dihargai. Anggota masyarakat diberi penghargaan karena karyanya melebihi orang lain. Dengan semangat bersaing dan penghargaan yang diperoleh akan karyanya, maka daya cipta akan berkembang lebih pesat.
Jenis kultur terakhir yang patut dikembangkan adalah Achievement Cultures. Kutur ini menghargai orang yang membuat rencana dan merealisasikan rencananya itu. Anggota masyarakat dalam kultur ini mempunyai kebiasaan untuk menyusun rencana kerja yang menantang tetapi realistic dan antusias dalam mewujudkan cita-citanya.
Dosen, sebagai agen perubahan, mestinya tidak mudah menyerah dan meleburkan dirinya dalam Avoidance Culture, sebaliknya ia perlu membuktikan kepada muridnya bahwa dengan kecerdasan dan keuletan, hal yang dianggap tidak mungkin bisa diwujudkan.
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*Beni Bevly holds BA in Political Science, MBA in Marketing, and is a DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) candidate. He is the founder of Overseas Think Tank for Indonesia.
Cool fact… I’m writing my undergraduate thesis currently and I hope that my lecturer would not be trapped in avoidance culture =)
Ria Wibisono
13 Mar 07 at 7:22 am
Ria,
Thank you for the comment. Wish you luck with your thesis.
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